Maillot, A., Malecki, H., Milhaud, C. et al. 1994. Environmental enrichment methods for Old World monkeys: Practical aspects.
Summary of common enrichment strategies.
Meshik, V. A. 1994. Group formation in adult Japanese macaques. International Zoo News 41(3), 5-9.
Starting with submissive animals, individuals from the first group [2 females and 1 male] were introduced step by step to the second [resident] group [3 females and 1 male]. A new group was successfully formed...
O'Connor, E., Reinhardt, V. 1994. Caged stumptailed macaques voluntarily work for ordinary food. In Touch 1(1), 10-11.
Ninety-nine of the biscuits were placed in a freely accessible dish attached to the mesh of the front of the cage. Thirty-three biscuits were offered in a food puzzle. Twenty-five percent (4/16) of the subjects...
O'Neill-Wagner, P. L. 1994. When trying to get your monkeys to behave, try perches. In Touch 1(2), 6-8.
Higher perching elevations appear to be a very desirable feature in this environment for the expression of six of the twelve behaviors studied. Mid-level perches, on the other hand, were utilized more for only two...
Reinhardt, V. 1994. Caged rhesus macaques voluntarily work for ordinary food. Primates 35, 95-98.
Eight single-caged adult rhesus macaques were given the choice of freely collecting their standard food ration, i.e. 33 biscuits, from an ordinary food box or working for its retrieval from a custom- made food puzzle...
Reinhardt, V. 1994. Effective environmental enrichment for caged rhesus macaques. In Touch 1(2), 1 & 3-5.
The animals spent approximately 20% of the [day] time interacting with the companion, 10% perching on the PVC pipe, 4% gnawing/manipulating the branch segment and 7% foraging for primary food.
Reinhardt, V. 1994. Pair-housing rather than single-housing for laboratory rhesus macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology 23(8),
Two different pair formation options for adult female and male rhesus macaques are described and tested: Pairing adults with adults of the same sex after establishment of dominance-subordination relationships during a noncontact familiarization period, and...
Reinhardt, V. 1994. Safe pair formation technique for previously single-caged rhesus macaques. In Touch 1(3), 5-6.
A safe pair formation technique is described. All 20 [adult male] pairs were compatible during pair formation and throughout the 2-month follow-up period.
Reinhardt, V. 1994. Social enrichment for previously single-caged stump-tail macaques. Animal Technology 5, 37-41.
Isosexual pair-housing of ten female and six male previously single-caged adult stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) was attempted. Partners were introduced to each other following the establishment of rank relationships during a three-day non-contact familiarization period...
Reinhardt, V. 1994. Traditional handling procedures of laboratory nonhuman primates are an intrinsic source of distress: What
With some professional expertise and goodwill, there should be no real need to resort to forceful restraint when doing research with nonhuman primates.