Edes, A. N., Baskir, E., Bauman, K. L. et al. 2021. Effects of crowd size, composition, and noise level on pool use in a mixed-species penguin colony. Animal Behavior and Cognition 8(4), 507–520.
Studies on how visitors affect penguins in human care report a mixture of negative, neutral, and positive impacts on behavior and physiology. Swimming is a highly motivated behavior that may promote positive welfare in penguins...