Rawle, F. 2023. The role of review and regulatory approvals processes for animal research in supporting implementation of the 3Rs. Animal Technology and Welfare 22(3), 175–188.

The NC3Rs commissioned this work towards the end of 2021, based on a concern that advances in the 3Rs often take a long time to come into routine use. Most research in the academic sector using animals is reviewed three times, by the funder, by the local Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB) and by the Animals in Science Regulation Unit (ASRU) and my brief was to find out the extent to which these reviews were supporting the adoption of 3Rs advances, or could be more effective at doing so.