Wheatley, J. L. 2002. A gavage dosing apparatus with flexible catheter provides a less stressful gavage technique in the rat. Lab Animal 31(7), 53-56.

Oral dosing of rats using a stainless-steel gavage needle can be difficult and, if done improperly, can cause esophageal puncture. The author describes the use of a gavage dosing apparatus that uses a flexible catheter rather than the traditional needle.