Gust, D. A., Gordon, T. P., Wilson, M. E. et al. 1996. Group formation of female pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina). American Journal of Primatology 39, 263-273.

Eight adult females and one adult male were moved from individual cages and simultaneously introduced. The animals showed conspicuous physiological stress responses though they established a dominance hierarchy with no serious fighting and a complete absence of wounding.