Fritz, J. 1989. Resocialization of captive chimpanzees: An amelioration procedure. American Journal of Primatology 19(Supplement), 79-86.

Group formation protocols are described. 59 of 60 chimpanzees were successfully resocialized to compatible group living. Severe wounding has not occurred in our facility, perhaps due to luck, but more likely due to the close daily behavioral monitoring of each individual.Self-mutilation shown in four individually housed subjects gradually ceased in compatible group-housing arrangements.