Program Term Archive
Animals in Laboratories
NAM Techniques: In Chemico, In Vitro, In Silico
Animals in LaboratoriesNew approach methodologies (NAMs) can be divided into three broad categories, in chemico, in vitro, and in silico. In chemico is generally the simplest NAM technique, in which the chemical...
NAM Resources for Scientists
Animals in LaboratoriesFor those who are seeking funding for new approach methodologies (NAMs)-related research, or simply want to learn more about the use of NAMs in science, below is a curated list...
NAM Resources for Policymakers
Animals in LaboratoriesFor those seeking to learn about existing policies pertaining to the development, validation, and use of new approach methodologies (NAMs), below is a curated list of third-party links to relevant...
Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum (LAREF)
Animals in LaboratoriesThe purpose of the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum (LAREF) is the exchange of experiences about ways to improve the conditions under which animals in laboratories are housed and...
Report Concerns for Animals in Labs and Classrooms
Animals in LaboratoriesTens of millions of animals are used annually for research, testing, and education throughout the United States. Facilities that breed, hold, or use animals for scientific purposes are expected—at minimum—to...
The 3Rs
Animals in LaboratoriesIn 1959, a landmark book, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, was published by William Russell, a zoologist, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist. As a foundation for the principles set...
Position Statement
Animals in LaboratoriesResearch must not be conducted on animals unless, at minimum, the research is planned and executed in accordance with the principles of the “3Rs” (replacement, reduction, refinement) of Russell and...
Strengthening Laws, Regulations, and Enforcement
Animals in LaboratoriesIn the United States, the use of animals in research and testing is governed by a complex system of laws, regulations, and guidelines. Which rules apply, and who oversees their...
Replacing Animals with Nonanimal Methods
Animals in LaboratoriesWhile generally the absolute replacement of animals with nonanimal methods is more challenging than refinement or reduction, just because it will be challenging does not mean it is not worthwhile....
Advancing Refinements to Animal Care
Animals in LaboratoriesFrom the earliest days of the organization, AWI has worked to foster better care and handling of animals in research facilities by encouraging laboratory personnel to provide the animals with...