Whittaker, D. 1999. Hamsters. In: The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals Seventh Edition. UFAW [Universities Federation for Animal Welfare] (edited by Poole, T. and English, P. ), 256-266. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.

In summary, solid-bottomed cages with bedding material are preferable; in general, group housing is preferable to individual caging so long as the groups are formed early in life, are stable and harmonious. There should be room for hiding and escaping conspecifics within the cage.