Database on Refinement of Housing and Handling Conditions
and Environmental Enrichment for Animals kept in Laboratories
Rodents, Rabbits, Cats, Dogs, Ferrets, Farm Animals, Horses
Birds, Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles

Viktor and Annie Reinhardt, Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC


Refinement is the attempt to enhance animal welfare and control extraneous variables which may increase research data variability.

Environmental enrichment is the provision of stimuli which promote the expression of species- appropriate behavioral and mental activities.


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Information Last Updated On: 6/29/2008


Other Databases on Enrichment and Refinement: Primates; All Animals kept in Laboratories



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10/31/00